{"version":1,"reviewed":"2026-11-03","sources":[{"title":"UN Statistics Division M49 country/area and geographic-region classification, including North America and Taiwan statistical-use FAQs","url":"https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/","retrieved":"2026-11-03","capture_sha256":"4d5cabcb10ad9ef184553b5e64c0a34ba8deeb20dab2e02cd0be3599b93bb01d"}],"decisions":["Geographic groupings are editorial navigation derived from UNM49 statistical geography, not claims about sovereignty or programme location beyond the retained source labels. Country/area labels differ from multi-country regional/global records.","North America includes UNM49 Northern America, Central America and Caribbean. South America remains separate; Australia and New Zealand are grouped in Oceania.","Turkey/Türkiye and Cyprus follow UNM49 Western Asia; Kazakhstan follows Central Asia. They are not reassigned to Europe based on institutional affiliations.","Hong Kong and Taiwan retain their original catalogue labels as areas. M49 Hong Kong is Eastern Asia; Taiwan uses the FAQ statistical code158 and Eastern Asia grouping, without a sovereignty assertion.","Regional labels Africa/Asia/Europe/North America (multiple) contribute to their continent only. Global (multiple) has no continent or country collection. Unknown labels return no geography instead of a guessed grouping.","City labels remain verbatim unless an explicit reviewed US suffix alias below applies. Multiple-city compounds, national/multi-site labels, regions and changing host locations do not create city collections. No compound label is split.","Reviewed US city aliases join the exact city-state suffix to a matching bare-city record for navigation only. Kansas City remains distinct because a bare label cannot establish Kansas versus Missouri. Washington, DC retains its district identity.","City specificity is a conservative editorial check of recorded labels, not worldwide geocoding. Original programme country/city values are never changed.","Rochester, MN remains separate from bare Rochester: the source institution labels include both Mayo Clinic and University of Rochester/Golisano. No state is inferred for the bare city."],"continents":[{"name":"Africa","slug":"africa"},{"name":"Asia","slug":"asia"},{"name":"Europe","slug":"europe"},{"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"name":"South America","slug":"south-america"},{"name":"Oceania","slug":"oceania"}],"countries":[{"label":"Africa (multiple)","name":"Africa","slug":"africa","kind":"region","continent":{"name":"Africa","slug":"africa"},"aliases":[]},{"label":"Argentina","name":"Argentina","slug":"argentina","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"South America","slug":"south-america"},"m49":"032","iso3":"ARG","m49_name":"Argentina","aliases":[]},{"label":"Asia (multiple)","name":"Asia","slug":"asia","kind":"region","continent":{"name":"Asia","slug":"asia"},"aliases":[]},{"label":"Australia","name":"Australia","slug":"australia","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Oceania","slug":"oceania"},"m49":"036","iso3":"AUS","m49_name":"Australia","aliases":[]},{"label":"Austria","name":"Austria","slug":"austria","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Europe","slug":"europe"},"m49":"040","iso3":"AUT","m49_name":"Austria","aliases":[]},{"label":"Bangladesh","name":"Bangladesh","slug":"bangladesh","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Asia","slug":"asia"},"m49":"050","iso3":"BGD","m49_name":"Bangladesh","aliases":[]},{"label":"Belgium","name":"Belgium","slug":"belgium","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Europe","slug":"europe"},"m49":"056","iso3":"BEL","m49_name":"Belgium","aliases":[]},{"label":"Brazil","name":"Brazil","slug":"brazil","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"South America","slug":"south-america"},"m49":"076","iso3":"BRA","m49_name":"Brazil","aliases":[]},{"label":"Bulgaria","name":"Bulgaria","slug":"bulgaria","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Europe","slug":"europe"},"m49":"100","iso3":"BGR","m49_name":"Bulgaria","aliases":[]},{"label":"Cambodia","name":"Cambodia","slug":"cambodia","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Asia","slug":"asia"},"m49":"116","iso3":"KHM","m49_name":"Cambodia","aliases":[]},{"label":"Canada","name":"Canada","slug":"canada","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},"m49":"124","iso3":"CAN","m49_name":"Canada","aliases":[]},{"label":"Chile","name":"Chile","slug":"chile","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"South America","slug":"south-america"},"m49":"152","iso3":"CHL","m49_name":"Chile","aliases":[]},{"label":"China","name":"China","slug":"china","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Asia","slug":"asia"},"m49":"156","iso3":"CHN","m49_name":"China","aliases":[]},{"label":"Colombia","name":"Colombia","slug":"colombia","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"South America","slug":"south-america"},"m49":"170","iso3":"COL","m49_name":"Colombia","aliases":[]},{"label":"Croatia","name":"Croatia","slug":"croatia","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Europe","slug":"europe"},"m49":"191","iso3":"HRV","m49_name":"Croatia","aliases":[]},{"label":"Cyprus","name":"Cyprus","slug":"cyprus","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Asia","slug":"asia"},"m49":"196","iso3":"CYP","m49_name":"Cyprus","aliases":[]},{"label":"Czechia","name":"Czechia","slug":"czechia","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Europe","slug":"europe"},"m49":"203","iso3":"CZE","m49_name":"Czechia","aliases":[]},{"label":"Denmark","name":"Denmark","slug":"denmark","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Europe","slug":"europe"},"m49":"208","iso3":"DNK","m49_name":"Denmark","aliases":[]},{"label":"Egypt","name":"Egypt","slug":"egypt","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Africa","slug":"africa"},"m49":"818","iso3":"EGY","m49_name":"Egypt","aliases":[]},{"label":"Ethiopia","name":"Ethiopia","slug":"ethiopia","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Africa","slug":"africa"},"m49":"231","iso3":"ETH","m49_name":"Ethiopia","aliases":[]},{"label":"Europe (multiple)","name":"Europe","slug":"europe","kind":"region","continent":{"name":"Europe","slug":"europe"},"aliases":[]},{"label":"Finland","name":"Finland","slug":"finland","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Europe","slug":"europe"},"m49":"246","iso3":"FIN","m49_name":"Finland","aliases":[]},{"label":"France","name":"France","slug":"france","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Europe","slug":"europe"},"m49":"250","iso3":"FRA","m49_name":"France","aliases":[]},{"label":"Germany","name":"Germany","slug":"germany","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Europe","slug":"europe"},"m49":"276","iso3":"DEU","m49_name":"Germany","aliases":[]},{"label":"Ghana","name":"Ghana","slug":"ghana","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Africa","slug":"africa"},"m49":"288","iso3":"GHA","m49_name":"Ghana","aliases":[]},{"label":"Global (multiple)","name":"Global","slug":"global","kind":"global","continent":null,"aliases":[]},{"label":"Hong Kong","name":"Hong Kong","slug":"hong-kong","kind":"area","continent":{"name":"Asia","slug":"asia"},"m49":"344","iso3":"HKG","m49_name":"China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region","aliases":[]},{"label":"Hungary","name":"Hungary","slug":"hungary","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Europe","slug":"europe"},"m49":"348","iso3":"HUN","m49_name":"Hungary","aliases":[]},{"label":"India","name":"India","slug":"india","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Asia","slug":"asia"},"m49":"356","iso3":"IND","m49_name":"India","aliases":[]},{"label":"Indonesia","name":"Indonesia","slug":"indonesia","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Asia","slug":"asia"},"m49":"360","iso3":"IDN","m49_name":"Indonesia","aliases":[]},{"label":"Iran","name":"Iran","slug":"iran","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Asia","slug":"asia"},"m49":"364","iso3":"IRN","m49_name":"Iran (Islamic Republic of)","aliases":[]},{"label":"Ireland","name":"Ireland","slug":"ireland","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Europe","slug":"europe"},"m49":"372","iso3":"IRL","m49_name":"Ireland","aliases":[]},{"label":"Israel","name":"Israel","slug":"israel","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Asia","slug":"asia"},"m49":"376","iso3":"ISR","m49_name":"Israel","aliases":[]},{"label":"Italy","name":"Italy","slug":"italy","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Europe","slug":"europe"},"m49":"380","iso3":"ITA","m49_name":"Italy","aliases":[]},{"label":"Jamaica","name":"Jamaica","slug":"jamaica","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"North 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America","slug":"north-america"},"aliases":[]},{"label":"Oman","name":"Oman","slug":"oman","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Asia","slug":"asia"},"m49":"512","iso3":"OMN","m49_name":"Oman","aliases":[]},{"label":"Pakistan","name":"Pakistan","slug":"pakistan","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Asia","slug":"asia"},"m49":"586","iso3":"PAK","m49_name":"Pakistan","aliases":[]},{"label":"Peru","name":"Peru","slug":"peru","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"South America","slug":"south-america"},"m49":"604","iso3":"PER","m49_name":"Peru","aliases":[]},{"label":"Philippines","name":"Philippines","slug":"philippines","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Asia","slug":"asia"},"m49":"608","iso3":"PHL","m49_name":"Philippines","aliases":[]},{"label":"Poland","name":"Poland","slug":"poland","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Europe","slug":"europe"},"m49":"616","iso3":"POL","m49_name":"Poland","aliases":[]},{"label":"Portugal","name":"Portugal","slug":"portugal","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Europe","slug":"europe"},"m49":"620","iso3":"PRT","m49_name":"Portugal","aliases":[]},{"label":"Qatar","name":"Qatar","slug":"qatar","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Asia","slug":"asia"},"m49":"634","iso3":"QAT","m49_name":"Qatar","aliases":[]},{"label":"Rwanda","name":"Rwanda","slug":"rwanda","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Africa","slug":"africa"},"m49":"646","iso3":"RWA","m49_name":"Rwanda","aliases":[]},{"label":"Saudi 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Korea","aliases":[]},{"label":"Spain","name":"Spain","slug":"spain","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Europe","slug":"europe"},"m49":"724","iso3":"ESP","m49_name":"Spain","aliases":[]},{"label":"Sri Lanka","name":"Sri Lanka","slug":"sri-lanka","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Asia","slug":"asia"},"m49":"144","iso3":"LKA","m49_name":"Sri Lanka","aliases":[]},{"label":"Sweden","name":"Sweden","slug":"sweden","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Europe","slug":"europe"},"m49":"752","iso3":"SWE","m49_name":"Sweden","aliases":[]},{"label":"Switzerland","name":"Switzerland","slug":"switzerland","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Europe","slug":"europe"},"m49":"756","iso3":"CHE","m49_name":"Switzerland","aliases":[]},{"label":"Taiwan","name":"Taiwan","slug":"taiwan","kind":"area","continent":{"name":"Asia","slug":"asia"},"m49":"158","m49_name":"Taiwan Province of China (M49 statistical-use FAQ)","aliases":[],"note":"Retains the source catalogue label Taiwan. M49 FAQ permits statistical code158; geographic grouping follows Eastern Asia. This navigation label makes no sovereignty determination."},{"label":"Tanzania","name":"Tanzania","slug":"tanzania","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Africa","slug":"africa"},"m49":"834","iso3":"TZA","m49_name":"United Republic of Tanzania","aliases":[]},{"label":"Thailand","name":"Thailand","slug":"thailand","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Asia","slug":"asia"},"m49":"764","iso3":"THA","m49_name":"Thailand","aliases":[]},{"label":"Turkey","name":"Turkey","slug":"turkey","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Asia","slug":"asia"},"m49":"792","iso3":"TUR","m49_name":"Türkiye","aliases":["Türkiye","Turkiye"]},{"label":"USA","name":"United States","slug":"united-states","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},"m49":"840","iso3":"USA","m49_name":"United States of America","aliases":["United States","US","United States of America"]},{"label":"Uganda","name":"Uganda","slug":"uganda","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Africa","slug":"africa"},"m49":"800","iso3":"UGA","m49_name":"Uganda","aliases":[]},{"label":"United Arab Emirates","name":"United Arab Emirates","slug":"united-arab-emirates","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Asia","slug":"asia"},"m49":"784","iso3":"ARE","m49_name":"United Arab Emirates","aliases":[]},{"label":"United Kingdom","name":"United Kingdom","slug":"united-kingdom","kind":"country","continent":{"name":"Europe","slug":"europe"},"m49":"826","iso3":"GBR","m49_name":"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland","aliases":["UK","United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"]}],"city_policy":{"excluded_labels":["Goa","Scotland","UK-wide","Finland (national)"],"excluded_patterns":["multiple","nationwide","national","host sites vary","host centres","host centers","host institution","varies yearly","accredited hospitals","accredited centres","accredited centers","-wide"],"us_city_aliases":{"Boston, MA":"Boston","Chicago, IL":"Chicago","Houston, TX":"Houston","Philadelphia, PA":"Philadelphia","New York, NY":"New York","Los Angeles, CA":"Los Angeles","Seattle, WA":"Seattle","Memphis, TN":"Memphis","Nashville, TN":"Nashville","Iowa City, IA":"Iowa City","Providence, RI":"Providence","Salt Lake City, UT":"Salt Lake City","St. Louis, MO":"St. Louis"}}}